Google's Chrome browse using a sandboxing technology which is not currently compatible with ThinApp (which also provides sandboxing)
http://dev.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/sandbox
I found you can disable Chrome's sandboxing mechanism using "--no-sandbox" command-line parameter and then it works under ThinApp. So here is a temporary solution:
1. During packaging process, after installing Google Chrome, add an extra shortcut to the startmenu that contains the Target command "Chrome.exe --no-sandbox"
2. Make sure to select this EXE as user-accessible entry point
Optionally, if you have the package already captured you can edit package.ini like this
ReadOnlyData=bin\Package.ro.tvr
Source=%Local AppData%\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
CommandLine=%Local AppData%\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe --no-sandbox
WorkingDirectory=%Local AppData%\Google\Chrome\Application